CHAPTER VI. The Power of James at the Height - His Foreign Policy - His Plans of Domestic Government; the Habeas Corpus Act - The Standing Army - Designs in favour of the Roman Catholic Religion--Violation of the Test Act - Disgrace of Halifax; general Discontent - Persecution of the French Huguenots--Effect of that Persecution in England - Meeting of Parliament; Speech of the King; an Opposition formed in the House of Commons - Sentiments of Foreign Governments - Committee of the Commons on the King's Speech - Defeat of the Government - Second Defeat of the Government; the King reprimands the Commons - Coke committed by the Commons for Disrespect to the King - Opposition to the Government in the Lords; the Earl of Devonshire - The Bishop of London - Viscount Mordaunt - Prorogation - Trials of Lord Gerard and of Hampden - Trial of Delamere - Effect of his Acquittal - Parties in the Court; Feeling of the Protestant Tories - Publication of Papers found in the Strong Box of Charles II. - Feeling of the respectable Roman Catholics - Cabal of violent Roman Catholics; Castlemaine - Jermyn; White; Tyrconnel - Feeling of the Ministers of Foreign Governments - The Pope and the Order of Jesus opposed to each other - The Order of Jesus - Father Petre - The King's Temper and Opinions - The King encouraged in his Errors by Sunderland - Perfidy of Jeffreys - Godolphin; the Queen; Amours of the King - Catharine Sedley - Intrigues of Rochester in favour of Catharine Sedley - Decline of Rochester's Influence - Castelmaine sent to Rome; the Huguenots illtreated by James - The Dispensing Power - Dismission of Refractory Judges--Case of Sir Edward Hales--Roman Catholics authorised to hold Ecclesiastical Benefices; - Sclater; Walker - The Deanery of Christchurch given to a Roman Catholic - Disposal of Bishoprics - Resolution of James to use his Ecclesiastical Supremacy against the Church - His Difficulties - He creates a new Court of High Commission - Proceedings against the Bishop of London - Discontent excited by the Public Display of Roman Catholic - Rites and Vestments - Riots - A Camp formed at Hounslow - Samuel Johnson - Hugh Speke - Proceedings against Johnson - Zeal of the Anglican Clergy against Popery - The Roman Catholic Divines overmatched - State of Scotland - Queensberry - Perth and Melfort - Favour shown to the Roman Catholic Religion in Scotland - Riots at Edinburgh - Anger of the King; his Plans concerning Scotland - Deputation of Scotch Privy Councillors sent to London - Their Negotiations with the King - Meeting of the Scotch Estates; they prove refractory - They are adjourned; arbitrary System of Government in Scotland - Ireland - State of the Law on the Subject of Religion - Hostility of Races - Aboriginal Peasantry; aboriginal Aristocracy - State of the English Colony - Course which James ought to have followed - His Errors - Clarendon arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant - His Mortifications; Panic among the Colonists - Arrival of Tyrconnel at Dublin as General; his Partiality and Violence - He is bent on the Repeal of the Act of Settlement; he returns to England - The King displeased with Clarendon - Rochester attacked by the Jesuitical Cabal - Attempts of James to convert Rochester - Dismission of Rochester - Dismission of Clarendon; Tyrconnel Lord Deputy - Dismay of the English Colonists in Ireland - Effect of the Fall of the Hydes CHAPTER VII. William, Prince of Orange; his Appearance - His early Life and Education - His Theological Opinions - His Military Qualifications - His Love of Danger; his bad Health - Coldness of his Manners and Strength of his Emotions; his Friendship for Bentinck - Mary, Princess of Orange - Gilbert Burnet - He brings about a good Understanding between the Prince and Princess - Relations between William and English Parties - His Feelings towards England - His Feelings towards Holland and France - His Policy consistent throughout - Treaty of Augsburg - William becomes the Head of the English Opposition - Mordaunt proposes to William a Descent on England - William rejects the Advice - Discontent in England after the Fall of the Hydes - Conversions to Popery; Peterborough; Salisbury - Wycherley; Tindal; Haines - Dryden - The Hind and Panther - Change in the Policy of the Court towards the Puritans - Partial Toleration granted in Scotland - Closeting - It is unsuccessful - Admiral Herbert - Declaration of Indulgence - Feeling of the Protestant Dissenters - Feeling of the Church of England - The Court and the Church - Letter to a Dissenter; Conduct of the Dissenters - Some of the Dissenters side with the Court; Care; Alsop - Rosewell; Lobb - Venn - The Majority of the Puritans are against the Court; Baxter; Howe, - Banyan - Kiffin - The Prince and Princess of Orange hostile to the Declaration of Indulgence - Their Views respecting the English Roman Catholics vindicated - Enmity of James to Burnet - Mission of Dykvelt to England; Negotiations of Dykvelt with English Statesmen - Danby - Nottingham - Halifax - Devonshire--Edward Russell; Compton; Herbert - Churchill - Lady Churchill and the Princess Anne - Dykvelt returns to the Hague with Letters from many eminent Englishmen - Zulestein's Mission - Growing Enmity between James and William - Influence of the Dutch Press - Correspondence of Stewart and Fagel - Castelmaine's embassy to Rome CHAPTER VIII. Consecration of the Nuncio at Saint James's Palace; his public Reception - The Duke of Somerset - Dissolution of the Parliament; Military Offences illegally punished - Proceedings of the High Commission; the Universities - Proceedings against the University of Cambridge - The Earl of Mulgrave - State of Oxford - Magdalene College, Oxford - Anthony Farmer recommended by the King for President - Election of the President - The Fellows of Magdalene cited before the High Commission - Parker recommended as President; the Charterhouse - The Royal Progress - The King at Oxford; he reprimands the Fellows of Magdalene - Penn attempts to mediate - Special Ecclesiastical Commissioners sent to Oxford - Protest of Hough - Parker--Ejection of the Fellows - Magdalene College turned into a Popish Seminary - Resentment of the Clergy - Schemes of the Jesuitical Cabal respecting the Succession - Scheme of James and Tyrconnel for preventing the Princess of Orange from succeeding to the Kingdom of Ireland - The Queen pregnant; general Incredulity - Feeling of the Constituent Bodies, and of the Peers - James determines to pack a Parliament - The Board of Regulators - Many Lords Lieutenants dismissed; the Earl of Oxford--The Earl of Shrewsbury - The Earl of Dorset - Questions put to the Magistrates - Their Answers; Failure of the King's Plans - List of Sheriffs - Character of the Roman Catholic Country Gentlemen - Feeling of the Dissenters; Regulation of Corporations - Inquisition in all the Public Departments - Dismission of Sawyer - Williams Solicitor General - Second Declaration of Indulgence; the Clergy ordered to read it - They hesitate; Patriotism of the Protestant Nonconformists of London - Consultation of the London Clergy - Consultation at Lambeth Palace - Petition of the Seven Bishops presented to the King - The London Clergy disobey the Royal Order - Hesitation of the Government--It is determined to prosecute the Bishops for a Libel - They are examined by the Privy Council - They are committed to the Tower - Birth of the Pretender - He is generally believed to be supposititious - The Bishops brought before the King's Bench and bailed - Agitation of the public Mind - Uneasiness of Sunderland - He professes himself a Roman Catholic - Trial of the Bishops - The Verdict; Joy of the People - Peculiar State of Public Feeling at this Time CHAPTER IX. Change in the Opinion of the Tories concerning the Lawfulness of Resistance--Russell proposes to the Prince of Orange a Descent on England--Henry Sidney--Devonshire; Shrewsbury; Halifax--Danby-- Bishop Compton--Nottingham; Lumley--Invitation to William despatched--Conduct of Mary--Difficulties of William's Enterprise--Conduct of James after the Trial of the Bishops-- Dismissions and Promotions--Proceedings of the High Commission; Sprat resigns his Seat--Discontent of the Clergy; Transactions at Oxford--Discontent of the Gentry--Discontent of the Army--Irish Troops brought over; Public Indignation--Lillibullero--Politics of the United Provinces; Errors of the French King--His Quarrel with the Pope concerning Franchises--The Archbishopric of Cologne--Skilful Management of William--His Military and Naval Preparations--He receives numerous Assurances of Support from England--Sunderland--Anxiety of William--Warnings conveyed to James--Exertions of Lewis to save James--James frustrates them-- The French Armies invade Germany--William obtains the Sanction of the States General to his Expedition--Schomberg--British Adventurers at the Hague--William's Declaration--James roused to a Sense of his Danger; his Naval Means--His Military Means--He attempts to conciliate his Subjects--He gives Audience to the Bishops--His Concessions ill received--Proofs of the Birth of the Prince of Wales submitted to the--Privy Council--Disgrace of Sunderland--William takes leave of the States of Holland--He embarks and sails; he is driven back by a Storm--His Declaration arrives in England; James questions the Lords--William sets sail the second Time--He passes the Straits--He lands at Torbay--He enters Exeter--Conversation of the King with the Bishops-- Disturbances in London--Men of Rank begin to repair to the Prince --Lovelace--Colchester; Abingdon--Desertion of Cornbury--Petition of the Lords for a Parliament--The King goes to Salisbury-- Seymour; Court of William at Exeter--Northern Insurrection-- Skirmish at Wincanton--Desertion of Churchill and Grafton-- Retreat of the Royal Army from Salisbury--Desertion of Prince George and Ormond--Flight of the Princess Anne--Council of Lords held by James--He appoints Commissioners to treat with William-- The Negotiation a Feint--Dartmouth refuses to send the Prince of Wales into France--Agitation of London--Forged Proclamation-- Risings in various Parts of the Country--Clarendon joins the Prince at Salisbury; Dissension in the Prince's Camp--The Prince reaches Hungerford; Skirmish at Reading; the King's Commissioners arrive at Hungerford--Negotiation--The Queen and the Prince of Wales sent to France; Lauzun--The King's Preparations for Flight- -His Flight CHAPTER X. The Flight of James known; great Agitation--The Lords meet at Guildhall--Riots in London--The Spanish Ambassador's House sacked--Arrest of Jeffreys--The Irish Night--The King detained near Sheerness--The Lords order him to be set at Liberty-- William's Embarrassment--Arrest of Feversham--Arrival of James in London--Consultation at Windsor--The Dutch Troops occupy Whitehall--Message from the Prince delivered to James--James sets out for Rochester; Arrival of William at Saint James's--He is advised to assume the Crown by Right of Conquest --He calls together the Lords and the Members of the Parliaments of Charles II.--Flight of James from Rochester--Debates and Resolutions of the Lords--Debates and Resolutions of the Commoners summoned by the Prince--Convention called; Exertions of the Prince to restore Order--His tolerant Policy--Satisfaction of Roman Catholic Powers; State of Feeling in France--Reception of the Queen of England in France--Arrival of James at Saint Germains--State of Feeling in the United Provinces--Election of Members to serve in the Convention--Affairs of Scotland--State of Parties in England- -Sherlock's Plan--Sancroft's Plan--Danby's Plan--The Whig Plan-- Meeting of the Convention; leading Members of the House of Commons--Choice of a Speaker--Debate on the State of the Nation-- Resolution declaring the Throne vacant--It is sent up to the Lords; Debate in the Lords on the Plan of Regency--Schism between the Whigs and the Followers of Danby--Meeting at the Earl of Devonshire's--Debate in the Lords on the Question whether the Throne was vacant--Majority for the Negative; Agitation in London--Letter of James to the Convention--Debates; Negotiations; Letter of the Princess of Orange to Danby--The Princess Anne acquiesces in the Whig Plan--William explains his views--The Conference between the houses--The Lords yield--New Laws proposed for the Security of Liberty--Disputes and Compromise--The Declaration of Right--Arrival of Mary--Tender and Acceptance of the Crown--William and Mary proclaimed; peculiar Character of the English Revolution FOOTNOTES

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